长江口东南泥质区百年来稀土元素的组成及控制因素     

冯旭文  石学法  黄永祥  许冬  章伟艳  张富元 《地球化学》2011,(5):464-472

在210pb定年的基础上,分析了长江口外东南泥质区柱样沉积物稀土元素含量、特征参数分布特征及其与粒径、常量元素等的相关性,探讨了150 a以来稀土元素的来源、制约因素及对沉积环境的响应.结果表明,柱样稀土元素总量(ΣREE)变化范围不大,分布范围为158.38～197.87 μg/g,平均值为183.49μg/g,总体...  相似文献   

Downstream patterns of bed sediment-borne metals,minerals and organic matter in a stream system receiving acidic mine effluent: A preliminary study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yingqun Ma  Wenzhou Lu  Chuxia Lin 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2011

Different downstream variation patterns were observed for a range of bed sediment-borne metals (aqua regia-extractable fraction) in a subtropical stream system receiving acid mine drainage. Mine-originated Fe tended to be deposited in the acidic (mean pH < 4.9) upstream reach in forms of goethite and/or hematite. In contrast, other metals tended to be transported farther downstream and settled in a low-gradient reach with high pH (mean pH > 5.6). The peak of sediment-borne Al, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, La, Mn, Ni and Zn corresponded very well with the peak of the sediment-borne organic matter, suggesting a close association between the water-borne organic colloids and the inorganic metal oxides/hydroxides during their transport. The marked increase in the sediment-borne Al and Pb started more upstream than the other metals, suggesting that the water-borne Al and Pb were more susceptible to pH rise-induced precipitation, as compared to the other metals. It appeared that the organic colloids played no important role in Pb transport and settlement. The iron precipitates had a limited role to play in affecting the transport and fates of other metals since they were predominantly formed and deposited in the acidic reach, which made them incapable of scavenging cationic metals by co-precipitation or adsorption.  相似文献   

针铁矿和菱苦土强化养殖粪污厌氧发酵液中氮、磷固定的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周跃飞  归显扬  陈天虎  姚敦璠  何光亚  张楠  黎少杰 《矿物学报》2011,31(4):726-731

对比研究了养殖粪污厌氧发酵体系中添加针铁矿和/或菱苦土对N、P固定的作用。实验过程中对溶液pH进行监控,厌氧发酵44 d后,对发酵液中氨氮和磷浓度进行了分析,对固体产物进行了XRD和SEM分析。结果表明：单独或同时添加针铁矿、菱苦土的厌氧发酵罐中,发酵液中N、P浓度均降低,其中N浓度降幅小于P,添加菱苦土厌氧发酵罐中P浓度降幅较大,达90%以上。单独添加针铁矿的厌氧发酵罐中,针铁矿发生还原分解,转化为铁白云石;添加菱苦土的厌氧发酵罐中,形成了大量鸟粪石。研究认为在养殖粪污厌氧发酵体系中,由于碱金属离子的影响,针铁矿和菱苦土对N的固定作用不明显;针铁矿对P的固定效果一般,菱苦土对P固定效果显著,固P产物鸟粪石可作为优质缓释肥使用。  相似文献   

青海湖晚更新世沉积物中胶黄铁矿的发现及其环境指示意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

艾莉  强小科  宋友桂  敖红  安芷生 《地球物理学报》2011,54(9):2309-2316

对青海湖南盆沉积中心钻取的一根长18.6 m的高取芯率沉积岩芯(1F)进行磁化率测试显示,该岩芯在8.15～8.96 m和15.50～17.28m两沉积段具有非常高的磁化率.详细的岩石磁学测量和矿物分析表明这两段沉积物中有大量的胶黄铁矿存在,其磁畴特征主要以单畴(SD)为主,并显示少量超顺磁(SP)颗粒特征,这是导致磁...  相似文献   

Evolution of an advancing gravel front: observations from Vedder Canal,British Columbia     

R. I. Ferguson  D. J. Bloomer  M. Church 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(9):1172-1182

Channelization of the lowermost part of Vedder River in 1922 initiated a natural experiment relevant to the unresolved question of how abrupt gravel–sand transitions develop along rivers. The new channel (Vedder Canal) had a fine bed and a much lower slope than the gravel‐bed river immediately upstream. Changes in morphology and sedimentology as gravel advanced into and along the Canal are documented using air photos, historical surveys, and fieldwork. The channel aggraded and steepened until stabilized by occasional gravel extraction in recent decades. The deposited material fines progressively along the Canal but the gravel front has retained an abrupt appearance because it has advanced by the sequential development of discrete gravel tops on initially sandy alternate bars. Near the gravel front the bed is highly bimodal and there is a sharper drop in the extent of gravel‐framework surface facies than in bulk gravel content. Ahead of the front, gravel is restricted to thin ribbons which often become buried by migrating sand. Calculations show that even though the gravel bed at the head of the Canal is almost unimodal, size‐selective transport during floods can account for the strong bimodality farther downstream. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Vegetated filter effects on sedimentological connectivity of agricultural catchments in erosion modelling: a review   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Silvio Jose Gumiere  Yves Le Bissonnais  Damien Raclot  Bruno Cheviron 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(1):3-19

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滆湖底质特性对菹草(Potamogeton crispus)和伊乐藻(Elodeanattalii)生长的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陶花  潘继征  沈耀良  李文朝  黄峰 《湖泊科学》2011,23(3):383-388

通过模拟试验,研究滆湖3种沉积物(表层湖泥、硬底湖泥、表层覆岸泥)对菹草和伊乐藻生长的影响.结果表明,生长于表层湖泥、硬底湖泥、表层覆岸泥的菹草和伊乐藻生物量分别为4.07、1.98、3.69kg/m2和1.86、1.27、1.74kg/m2,表层湖泥较适合这两种沉水植物生长.3种沉积物对菹草和伊乐藻的干湿比影响显著,...  相似文献   

基于HJ-1遥感数据的矿区水体污染监测与分析——以龙岩紫金山金铜矿为例     

陈绍杰  陈颖  杜培军  柳思聪 《四川测绘》2011,(6):252-255

矿产资源的持续开采与加工利用使得矿区周边水资源受到的污染日趋严重,急需采用先进技术对水污染进行监测分析,遥感技术是水环境监测最为有效的技术之一。利用国产环境一号小卫星多光谱遥感影像数据,针对福建省龙岩市紫金山矿区不同时相的数据进行水质遥感监测。利用近红外单波段阈值分割法提取悬浮物浓度信息,基于矿区酸碱性水体光谱曲线特性采用342波段假彩色合成影像,采用SVM分类方法进行分类,判别矿区水体酸碱性以及分析水体受污染程度变化和污染源。结果表明,研究区汀江水体2008年呈现碱性,2010年呈现弱碱性,水质在研究时段内得到一定的改善,但在选矿厂与矿区附近的水体中仍含有大量重金属沉积物。  相似文献   

Grain‐Size Characteristics of Dune Networks in China's Tengger Desert          下载免费PDF全文

Zhengcai Zhang  Zhibao Dong  Jiyan Li 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2015,97(4):681-693

Grain‐size characteristics of dune networks in the Tengger Desert of northwestern China were investigated. Grain‐size parameters (mean, standard deviation, skew, and kurtosis) were determined on dune surfaces at windward toe, stoss, crest and leeward toe locations. Multiple discriminant analyses were applied to distinguish deposition environments. Results indicated that the aeolian sediment is mainly composed of very fine and fine sand in the dune networks of the Tengger Desert. Sorting improves as grain size becomes finer. However, the relationships between mean grain size, skew, and kurtosis vary in space. There is a negative relationship between skew and sorting; similarly, the relationships between sorting and skew, and skew and kurtosis change in space. The sediment deposition environment includes aeolian sediment and lacustrine sediment. The lacustrine sediment provides the source material for dune windward toe and stoss formation and development, but the aeolian sediment provides the source material for dune crest and leeward toe formation and development. According to the log‐probability of grain size distributions, aeolian sediments in dune networks are composed of two distinct saltation populations.  相似文献   

生物膜“细菌-藻类”协同系统改良淡水池塘养殖水质与沉积物的效果研究     

江兴龙  邓来富 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(3):603-610

采用池塘中设置生物膜净水栅对比实验的方法,在8口土池开展生物膜"细菌-藻类"协同系统改良池塘养殖水质与沉积物的效果、对苗种培育效果的影响及其相关机理等的研究。结果表明,在142d的养殖期间,处理组比对照组节水减排达65.1%,具有极显著差异(P0.01);处理组水质的p H、总氮和亚硝酸盐氮分别极显著低于对照组3.7%、31.3%和38.7%(P0.01),氨氮、总磷、活性磷和硫化物分别显著低于对照组25.6%、41.6%、37.8%和27.9%(P0.05);弧菌数和藻类密度极显著低于对照组63.1%和51.3%,硅藻相对密度极显著高于对照组93.7%;细菌总数显著高于对照组50.8%,蓝藻相对密度显著低于对照组16.6%;处理组的藻类生物均匀度指数显著高于对照组8.9%;生物膜上的细菌总数高达1.30×109 CFU/g,而弧菌数为零;处理组池塘沉积物的氧化还原电位显著高于对照组30.5%,硫化物浓度显著低于对照组47.0%;草鱼苗种起捕规格、成活率、产量和生长速度分别显著高于对照组24.6%、4.3%、29.8%和28.6%,饲料系数极显著低于对照组15.6%,处理组每公顷池塘培育草鱼大规格鱼种可增加净利润约1.92万元。  相似文献